Policy Opinions and Policy Perspectives

Serbia’s strategic dialogue with the US goes beyond the issue of relations between the two governments and represents an element of long-term American policy in the region, based on geopolitics and economics.

Analysis by our Marko Savković for the portal “Savremena politika”.

The publication analyzes the key factors behind the slowdown of Serbia’s European integration process and the changes in its relationship with the European Union over the past decade. It places particular emphasis on the rule of law, democratic governance, and the alignment of Serbia’s foreign policy with the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy.

Author: Dr. Marko Savković, Senior Advisor at the ISAC Fund

After the (excellently organized and impactful) summit in Tivat, Montenegro is entering the “final stretch” of European integration. It has advanced furthest among the Western Balkan countries; all negotiating chapters have been opened, and a significant number have been provisionally closed (14 out of 33). Montenegrin officials also radiate optimism, with Prime Minister Milojko Spajić repeatedly emphasizing that “Montenegro is closer to the European Union (EU) today than ever before.” However, the most sensitive phase is now beginning.

Author: Marko Savkovic, Senior Adviser at ISAC Fund

First published at Novi magazin portal on June 15, 2026

The statement by Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, delivered at the World Economic Forum, in which he called for closer cooperation among so‑called “middle powers” in international relations, articulates a shift in the structure of global politics: a response to the breakdown of the liberal peace concept and a preparation for the “weaponized interdependence” that lies ahead.

Author: Marko Savković, Senior Advisor at the ISAC Fund

First posted at Contemporary Politics portal on 28 April 2026 

The three Baltic countries are the most consistent opponents of a “soft” approach to Moscow and insist that candidates for membership fully align with the EU’s foreign and security policy.

Author: Marko Savkovic, ISAC Fund

First published at “Savremena politika” portal on 18 February 2026.

Few could have expected that the year 2025 in Serbian politics—aside from everything else that happened—would be marked by two things: the fact that student protests are still ongoing (that is, that students have persisted in their struggle for so long) and the government’s failure in relations with America. Wasn’t Trump’s second term, after all, greeted with enthusiasm? It was believed that, based on the experience gained during the first term, Belgrade’s ambitions would be well received in Washington. Things, however, went downhill—to such an extent that the year’s balance sheet looks like this: foreign policy balancing is almost over; we are exposed to the dissatisfaction of an extremely unpredictable administration and the president of the world’s most powerful country; and under the threat that our long-criticized energy dependence on Russia will finally come back to haunt us.

Igor Novakovic and Marko Savkovic, ISAC Fund

Summary of the presentation held at the international conference “AI and Security in the 21st Century”, 19 November 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often portrayed as a neutral tool—a driver of innovation and efficiency. In reality, AI is a force multiplier, especially when applied to hybrid threats. In the Western Balkans, where fragile institutions and geopolitical competition already create fertile ground for destabilization, AI does not just add complexity—it accelerates it. Serbia, in particular, is dangerously unprepared for this new reality.

This paper analyzes Serbia’s post-conflict relations with its neighbors, focusing on the lasting impact of the wars of the 1990s and the challenges in the European integration process. Through an examination of public discourse, foreign policy, and historical narratives, it explores how the legacy of conflict shapes Serbia’s contemporary relations with Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo. The paper also considers different perceptions of Europe in Serbian public opinion and their influence on regional stability and cooperation.

This paper analyzes foreign interference in the 2024 United States presidential election, with a particular focus on assassination attempts against Donald Trump and broader influence strategies employed by countries such as Iran, Russia, and China. Through the theoretical framework of international propaganda and psychological warfare, the paper identifies three main objectives of foreign interference: undermining democracy, destabilizing society, and directly influencing the election outcome. Finally, the study examines various methods used by external actors, including the spread of disinformation and forms of coercion, to weaken the democratic process in the U.S.

Milan Igrutinovic, PhD, Institute for European Studies

The war in Ukraine has deeply shaken the European order and caused a series of political, economic, and security changes within the European Union. This article explores how the war has reshaped EU politics and advanced its defense sector. It also examines how the EU will respond to new geopolitical challenges and whether this conflict will enable a new form of European cooperation and integration.

In the context of current conflicts and changes in the international environment, European Union sanctions are becoming an increasingly frequent topic in the domestic public. In this article, we show you what EU restrictive measures mean, who they apply to, and how they are established.

Tensions in the North of Kosovo culminated on September 24 in Banjska when an armed confrontation occurred between a group of Serbs from Kosovo and the Kosovo police. In this article, we show the views of the Serbian media on the events in Banjska immediately after this tragic event.

This article will show how extremist religious movements can destabilize a sovereign state. In this case, we are talking about the Boko Haram movement, which is portrayed as a destabilizing factor in the Federal Republic of Nigeria, in the West African region.

The genesis of the conflict between Serbia and Kosovo covers a long period of time in which its escalation was determined by different social contexts. Historically speaking, the current conflict is based on the Constitution of the SFRY from 1974, the NATO bombing of the FRY in the 1990s, the pogrom of the Serbs in 2004. and the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo in 2008. With the necessary mention of these events, but without delving deeper into their interpretation and significance, this analysis focuses on the period that followed. A period during which the two sides, official Belgrade and Pristina, tried, honestly or not, under the patronage of the West, to overcome their mutual disagreements. This paper considers some of the most important elements of that process, how they unfolded, their consequences and why relations have not yet been normalized and are causing friction in the politically always fragile Western Balkans.

As a result of the conference “Environmental Protection and Economic Growth: Experiences from Japan, the EU and Serbia”, ISAC presents a paper “Can there be a dilemma in 21st century civilization: economic development or a healthy environment?” Dr. Vladimir Medjak writes how Japan has aligned economic growth with the environment; why not doing and not calculating people’s health is more expensive than investing in cleaner technologies and what society can do in order for the Government to change its approach in this field.

Available only in Serbian language.

As a result of the conference “Environmental Protection and Economic Growth: Experiences from Japan, the EU and Serbia”, ISAC presents the paper “Views towards Europe: Is a carbon-neutral, green future planned for Serbia?”

In this paper, Mirjana Jovanović talks about the EU Green Agreement and the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans and the implications that these policies have on Serbia’s European path and the everyday life of its citizens; the green transition to renewable energy sources and Serbia’s readiness for a carbon-neutral future.

Available only in Serbian language.

As a result of the conference “Environmental Protection and Economic Growth: Experiences from Japan, the EU and Serbia”, ISAC presents the paper “Towards responsible practice with a positive example – foreign investment in Serbia and environmental protection”. Are foreign investments which do not respect environmental regulations really a precondition for economic growth and development? Is there a different way of doing business that involves protecting environment? Read what the international community says, and what is the practice of Serbia, in this political perspective from Dr. Marina Savković.

Available only in Serbian language

Chapter 30 – External Economic Relations has been treated as “technical” by the public and the expert community in cases of accession processes, and therefore easy to close. However, in the case of Serbia, this chapter can easily become a political issue, as it relates, among other things, to the adoption of regulations concerning genetically modified organisms (GMOs), as well as economic aspects of cooperation with certain third countries, including certainly the most important Russia.

In this publication, you can see what are the elements of Chapter 30 with which Serbia must comply with the European Union; a tabular presentation of the comparative analysis of the Progress Report for 2019 and 2020 and an explanation of how Serbia’s readiness for economic relations with foreign countries was assessed in these two reports. Also, they talk about the advantages of membership in the World Trade Organization, but also why the position on the issue of Serbia’s membership does not change from year to year, despite the benefits that it would bring.

Chapter 31 deals with the Common Foreign, Security and Defence Policy of the European Union (EU).

The condition for joining the EU is the acceptance of all rights and obligations on which the union is based, as well as the institutional framework which it consists of. In this paper, you can read how the process of harmonization of legislation with the European Union is going and where Serbia is on that path, what are the main obstacles for progress in the integration and harmonization process. Finally, it talks about how the European Commission’s Progress Reports assess Serbia’s readiness in terms of foreign, security and defence policy.

In the past period, the security environment at the external borders of the European Union has changed significantly, and the migrant crisis and terrorist attacks have put the internal security of the Union on the agenda. Organized crime, migration, terrorism in the neighborhood and within the Union itself, pandemics, have increased the importance of civilian crisis management and influenced greater cooperation between different levels of the EU’s policies.

This publication provides a brief overview of the development of the EU’s civilian crisis management system, its tasks and main shortcomings in the context of changed security circumstances. It also gives recommendations for overcoming these challenges. The paper also talks about the ways in which candidate countries can get involved and give their contribution, how to adjust the training of civilian experts to the new conditions and how Serbia can get involved and what benefits participation in missions would bring.

This paper gives us brief overview of the nature of China’s investments in the Western Balkans energy sector. The article was originally published on The Berlin process – information and resource centre.

Recommendations for the European Union

Contributing to the debate about the future of EU integration of WB countries, a group of leading Serbian think tanks and civil society organizations specialized in EU integration presents its own recommendations to the EU, aimed at improving the effectiveness of the integration process and reconfirming the sustainable and tangible EU perspective of the region.

These recommendations are submitted by the following think – tanks and civil society organizations from Serbia: Belgrade Centre for Security Policy (BCSP), Belgrade Fund for Political Excellence (BFPE), Centar za savremene politike, Evropski pokret u Srbiji, European Policy Centre/ Centar za evropske politike – CEP, International and Security Affairs Centre – ISAC, YUCOM Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights.

At the beginning of this year, Japan and the European Union finalized the largest bilateral free trade agreement in history. This policy perspective focuses on the steps Serbia ought to take to capitalize on this monumental economic opportunity. The main obstacles Serbia must address in order to maximize the benefits of this deal are Serbia’s status regarding the World Trade Organization, its struggles to guarantee security of investments, and the inability of its foreign policy to consistently remain on the European path. By implementing the solutions laid out in this policy perspective, Serbia could drastically expand its market access and foreign investment.

With less than 6 years to go before Serbia’s earliest EU entry date arrives, can Serbia meet all the requirements by then? This short opinion paper takes a look at the pace of opening negotiating chapters, the messages delivered in the 2019 Serbia Progress Report and what are some urgent steps Serbia needs to take to put the accession process back on track.

One of the most frequently asked questions about the foreign policy orientation of Serbia is the relationship between the European Union and Russia after the outbreak of the crisis in Ukraine in 2014, and the way this relationship is reflected in the position of Serbia, primarily in the context of the EU accession process. Specifically, under Chapter 31 (Common Foreign, Security and Defense Policy), Serbia is obliged to comply with the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy, which consists largely of joining the foreign policy declarations and measures that arise from them. In the process of Serbia’s pre-accession negotiations with the EU this Chapter has not yet been opened. Serbia’s non alignment of the restrictive measures introduced by the EU against the Russian Federation remains one of key issues regarding this Chapter.

As there are large unknowns in the Serbian public about this topic, this document explains the reasons why the EU has applied restrictive measures against Russia, the nature of these measures, and the way in which the Russian Federation responded to these measures.

This policy opinion deals with the potential effects of the eventual comprehensive normalization of relations between Belgrade and Pristina to Serbia’s obligation to alignment with the EU’s foreign policy approach.

This policy opinion deals with the Declaration on bilateral issues regarding the Berlin process and the need for a fresh impetus which should come from the EU
Member States. It emphasizes the necessity for  the EU to show commitment to its own policies a well as a real incentive for the Western Balkans to engage more regarding their obligations stemming from the same document.

This short political opinion deals with the issue of Serbia’s selection of “area of ​​expertise” for  participation in civil peacekeeping missions. It offers short overview of Serbia’s needs in that context, areas of expertise that Serbia already has, interests that Serbia achieves by selecting individual areas of expertise as well as potential costs of making these choices.

Only Serbian version available.

This policy opinion offers a short overview of reasons why Serbia needs to participate in peace support operations with special focus on its interests for participating in such operations.

* This document is available only in Serbian.

This practical policy proposal is a contribution to a debate that should begin once the process of compiling a new national security strategy and a new defense strategy is initiated. It presents an innovative approach of “strategic reflection”, i.e. “participation stages” in preparing strategic documents, which calls for the inclusion of a wider, expert community in the process, instead of the habitual, relatively narrow expert team tasked with the job.

The topic of this analysis is the question of Serbian-Russian relations and the direction of Russian policies towards Serbia and Kosovo after the recognition of independence and annexation of Crimea. Author lists all of the inconsistencies of these relations after the recent events in Ukraine, and points to possible open issues that can become obstacles on Serbia’s EU Path.

In obtaining EU candidate status and with the start of the accession negotiations, the relations with neighboring countries vis-à-vis the rights of national minorities in Serbia became one of the most important foreign policy challenges for Serbia. This document covers one of the recently opened questions, that is the relations between Serbia and Bulgaria and the issue of the respect of rights of the Bulgarian national minority in Serbia. The authors approached this topic in a comprehensive and balanced manner, with an aim to give concrete policy recommendations for overcoming this situation.

In the light of the experience of European integration in the past fifty years, mutual trade and economic integrations have been the basis for the improvement of relations between Serbia and Albania through a so-called spill-over effect. In the same manner, these states should push for the further development of trade relations, which could then serve as the basis for the improvement of overall relations and for a reconciliation process between the two nations on their path towards the EU. ISAC Fund has prepared a set of policy recommendations having in mind the need for even tighter economic connections with Albania.

CEFTA 2006 is one of the most important regional initiatives in the Western Balkans. In the last 4 years, CEFTA has helped reestablish the political and economic cooperation between the countries of the region, thus contributing to their preparations for the EU membership. However, there are provisions outlined in the CEFTA 2006 agreement that have still not been put into practice, due to the lack of political will. Accordingly, ISAC Fund has prepared a set of policy recommendations that would help with the full implementation of the CEFTA 2006 capacities.

(available in the Serbian language only)

The text comments the arguments for and against accession to NATO used during the recent debate in Serbian public (2010).  The author lists all of the positive effects and benefits that Serbia could obtain from membership in NATO. The paper also contains a set of practical foreign and security policy proposals if the country remains neutral.

In this analytical text Željko Pantelić counters often unrealistic promises of Serbia’s imminent joining to the EU, by explaining accurate perspective of Serbia’s road to EU, and main phases of the process.

In order to attain one of its key goals – the qualitative improvement of public policy development in Serbia – as well as to provide timely commentary of important developments and policy issues in Serbian, regional and European affairs with its unique point of view, the ISAC Fund is launching its new publication: the ISAC POLICY PERSPECTIVE. The first ISAC Policy Perspective, titled “Defining the Anti-reformers, Redefining the Reformers”, written by Milan Pajevic, Chairman if the ISAC Fund International Advisory Board, also marks the beginning of Mr Pajevic’s full-time engagement with ISAC.

The ISAC Policy Perspective will be published when events warrant it, rather than on any regular timeline. It is ISAC Fund’s aim to engage firstly its International Advisory Board members as authors of the ISAC Policy Perspective, but also the like-minded experts, ISAC Fund alumni, friends and other reform-oriented individuals.

As a result of the conference “Introduction to the negotiations on Chapter 30 – Economic Relations” which was held in October 2014 as a part of the activities of the Working Group on chapters 30 and 31 of the National Convention on the EU, ISAC Fund, as the coordinator of the working group presents the first policy paper devoted to preparations for the opening of the negotiations on this chapter

LectureResume – Turkeyand the Western Balkans – a view from Poland, by Adam Balcer, Programme Director of the Centre for European Strategy Demos Europe from Warsaw, held on June 23rd, 2011at the Institute for European Studies in Belgrade.
In this lecture, Mr. Balcer referred to the radical shift in foreign policy of Turkey, and made observations about its possible effects on the Western Balkans.

ISAC continues publishing the most relevant speeches and discussions from its “CFSP and Serbian Accession to the European Union” conference. The second publication will cover the presentation by Mr. Karsten Voigt, Former Member of the German Bundestag.

ISAC is pleased to announce that in the following period, as part of its overall Chapter 31 activities, it will publish the most relevant speeches and discussions from its “CFSP and Serbian Accession to the European Union” conference. The first publication will cover the presentation by Ms. Rebecca Harms, Member of the European Parliament.

As a part of the TRAIN programme, ISAC Fund has in cooperation with CDT from Podgorica published a policy paper Civil Society – an important asset in EU accession negotiations in Serbia and Montenegro